BioFrontiers Journal
type: channel
description: BioFrontiers Journal is an open-access, quarterly, double-blind peer-reviewed journal dedicated to advancing knowledge across the full spectrum of medical and health sciences, encompassing basic, clinical, and experimental research. All manuscripts are evaluated based on originality, technical depth, and significance of contribution. The journal follows a double-blind peer-review process, which is undertaken within one (01) month of submission. Authors are formally notified of editorial decisions, accompanied by constructive and timely feedback, ensuring a transparent, efficient, and academically rigorous publication workflow. BioFrontiers Journal is published by Factum Research Institute (SMC-Private) Limited, which is duly registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP) under registration number 0307011.
publisher: Factum Research Institute (SMC-Private) Limited
language: en
publication name: BioFrontiers Journal
items: STAGE-DEPENDENT HEPATITIS C RISK AND OUTCOMES IN PRE-DIALYSIS CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
items: RISK FACTORS DURING CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS INFLUENCING POSTOPERATIVE MECHANICAL VENTILATION DURATION IN ADULT CARDIAC SURGERY
items: ADVANCES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR LUNG CANCER: TOOLS, APPLICATIONS, AND LIMITATIONS
items: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION AND VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY IN DYSPEPTIC PATIENTS: INSIGHTS FROM A LOW-INCOME SETTING
items: EFFECTIVENESS OF DRY HEAT APPLICATION IN REDUCING POST-EPISIOTOMY PAIN DURING EARLY POSTPARTUM RECOVERY
items: EVALUATING THE PROFICIENCY OF NURSES IN MANAGING THALASSEMIA: A CASE OF TERTIARY CARE CENTRE
items: EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COGNITIVE REHABILITATION ON COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE
items: TANTALUM CHEMISTRY IN MEDICINE: ATOMIC-SCALE APPROACHES TO CORROSION RESISTANCE AND BIOCOMPATIBILITY
items: GENERAL ANESTHESIA VERSUS COMBINED SPINAL-EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA IN GYNECOLOGIC LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERIES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
items: COMPARATIVE OUTCOMES OF VENTRICULOPERITONEAL SHUNT AND ENDOSCOPIC THIRD VENTRICULOSTOMY IN OBSTRUCTIVE HYDROCEPHALUS ASSOCIATED WITH POSTERIOR FOSSA TUMORS
items: KNOWLEDGE, PRACTICES, AND CHALLENGES OF NURSES IN EARLY DETECTION AND PREVENTION OF DIABETIC FOOT ULCER COMPLICATIONS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
items: INFLUENCE OF UTERINE FIBROIDS ON MATERNAL AND FETAL OUTCOMES AT DIR LOWER
items: CLIMATE RESILIENCE IN ANIMALS: EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS
items: ADDRESSING MONKEYPOX WORLDWIDE: PREVENTION, VACCINATION, AND CHALLENGES TO CONTROL
items: PREVALENCE AND CAUSES OF SHOULDER PAIN IN PATIENTS ATTENDING PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION OUTPATIENT CLINICS
items: A CASE OF BREECH PRESENTATION IN A PRIMIGRAVIDA WITH BICORNUATE UTERUS AND PLACENTA ACCRETA
items: ASSESSMENT OF NURSES’ KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES REGARDING ELDERLY PATIENT CARE
items: EVALUATION OF NURSES’ KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES IN MANAGING THALASSEMIA MAJOR PATIENTS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
items: ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES REGARDING POSTURAL AWARENESS IN UNDERGRADUATE PHYSICAL THERAPY STUDENTS AT KHYBER MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, PESHAWAR
items: EMERGING NANOTECHNOLOGY STRATEGIES FOR TARGETED ANTIPARASITIC DRUG DELIVERY: A REVIEW

STAGE-DEPENDENT HEPATITIS C RISK AND OUTCOMES IN PRE-DIALYSIS CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
type: item
description: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant comorbidity in chronic kidney disease (CKD), yet its prevalence in pre-dialysis populations is underexplored. This cross-sectional study assessed 220 pre-dialysis CKD patients at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. HCV screening was performed via ELISA, and demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were analyzed using SPSS v16. HCV prevalence was 13.2% (n=29), predominantly in Stage 4 CKD (86.2%, p<0.001), with no cases detected in Stages 2–3. Traditional metabolic risk factors, including hypertension and diabetes, were not significantly associated with HCV positivity. Lower education levels showed a marginal association (p=0.03), while blood transfusions and surgical history were non-significant. These results indicate that HCV disproportionately affects advanced pre-dialysis CKD patients, independent of conventional metabolic risks. The findings support routine HCV screening in Stage 4 CKD and timely antiviral therapy to mitigate renal decline, alongside targeted prevention strategies considering socioeconomic determinants.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hepatitis C virus
  topic: keywords
subject: Chronic kidney disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Pre-dialysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Stage 4 CKD
  topic: keywords
subject: Antiviral therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Socioeconomic factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Screening
  topic: keywords
creator: Saira Anwar
creator: Imran Qaiser
creator: Anam
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 47
ending page: 54

RISK FACTORS DURING CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS INFLUENCING POSTOPERATIVE MECHANICAL VENTILATION DURATION IN ADULT CARDIAC SURGERY
type: item
description: Background: Prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) after adult cardiac surgery increases morbidity, mortality, and ICU resource use. While predictors are well-studied in pediatric populations, adult data remain limited. This study aimed to identify risk factors for PMV in adults undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods: A prospective study of 85 adult patients undergoing CPB assessed 20 preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables. PMV was defined as mechanical ventilation exceeding 24 hours. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine independent predictors. Results: Ten patients (11.8%) experienced PMV (median 31 hours vs. 5 hours in non-PMV). Independent risk factors included advanced age (p=0.015), prolonged CPB time (p=0.042), higher cardioplegia volume (p=0.004), postoperative pneumonia (p=0.023), and extended ICU stay (p=0.005). Conclusion: Advanced age, extended CPB duration, increased cardioplegia volume, postoperative pneumonia, and longer ICU stay significantly elevate the risk of PMV in adult cardiac surgery. Early identification of these factors can guide perioperative management, minimize ventilator dependence, and improve postoperative outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Prolonged mechanical ventilation
  topic: keywords
subject: Adult cardiac surgery
  topic: keywords
subject: Cardiopulmonary bypass
  topic: keywords
subject: Risk factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Postoperative pneumonia
  topic: keywords
subject: Cardioplegia volume
  topic: keywords
subject: Intensive care stay
  topic: keywords
creator: Wajid Usman
creator: Aziz Muhammad
creator: Imran Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 32
ending page: 46

ADVANCES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR LUNG CANCER: TOOLS, APPLICATIONS, AND LIMITATIONS
type: item
description: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a transformative tool in medicine, offering innovative approaches for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning. Lung cancer remains a leading cause of mortality globally, necessitating advanced strategies for early detection and effective management. This review highlights current AI applications in lung cancer, including tools for detection, diagnosis, prediction, and therapeutic planning. It also addresses key challenges in clinical implementation, such as data quality, model interpretability, and integration into healthcare systems. Strategies to overcome these limitations are discussed, alongside future directions for AI development in oncology. By improving diagnostic accuracy, optimizing treatment decisions, and enhancing accessibility, AI holds significant potential to advance lung cancer management and improve patient outcomes worldwide.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Lung Cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Early Detection
  topic: keywords
subject: Diagnostic Tools
  topic: keywords
subject: Treatment Planning
  topic: keywords
subject: Predictive Modeling
  topic: keywords
subject: Oncology
  topic: keywords
creator: Ali Khan
creator: Hammad Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 18
ending page: 31

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION AND VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY IN DYSPEPTIC PATIENTS: INSIGHTS FROM A LOW-INCOME SETTING
type: item
description: This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and vitamin B12 deficiency among 273 dyspeptic patients undergoing endoscopy at a tertiary care center. Gastric biopsy confirmed H. pylori infection, while serum vitamin B12 levels were assessed biochemically. Overall, 61.2% of patients were H. pylori-positive, among whom 70.6% exhibited vitamin B12 deficiency, compared to 29.5% in uninfected individuals (p < 0.05). Socioeconomic status showed a significant association, with deficiency rates of 30% in lower-income groups versus 3.6% in higher-income groups (p = 0.045). These findings indicate that H. pylori infection markedly increases the risk of vitamin B12 malabsorption, particularly in resource-limited populations. Routine screening for B12 deficiency in H. pylori-positive dyspeptic patients, along with integrated nutritional and antimicrobial interventions, is recommended to mitigate deficiency-related complications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Helicobacter pylori
  topic: keywords
subject: Vitamin B12 deficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Dyspepsia
  topic: keywords
subject: Micronutrient malabsorption
  topic: keywords
subject: Nutritional anemia
  topic: keywords
subject: Socioeconomic factors
  topic: keywords
creator: Bakhtiar Zazi
creator: Zohaib Shahid
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 10
ending page: 17

EFFECTIVENESS OF DRY HEAT APPLICATION IN REDUCING POST-EPISIOTOMY PAIN DURING EARLY POSTPARTUM RECOVERY
type: item
description: Post-episiotomy pain can hinder a mother’s physical recovery, emotional well-being, breastfeeding, and mother–infant bonding. Effective pain management during the early postpartum period is therefore essential. Non-pharmacological strategies, such as dry heat and moist heat applications, have been shown to alleviate discomfort; however, limited evidence compares their effectiveness. This study was conducted in the postnatal ward of a secondary healthcare hospital in Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan. A total of 1,094 postpartum women with episiotomies were randomly assigned to two groups: dry heat (n=547) and moist heat (n=547). Pain levels were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before and after each intervention, administered twice daily for two consecutive days. Data were analyzed using SPSS, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. By day two, mean VAS scores decreased from 6.1 to 2.5 in the dry heat group, compared to 6.2 to 3.8 in the moist heat group (p<0.001). Furthermore, 65% of women in the dry heat group achieved effective pain relief (VAS ≤3), compared to 45% in the moist heat group. These findings suggest that dry heat therapy is more effective than moist heat in relieving post-episiotomy pain during the early postpartum period. Given its significant reduction in pain and higher effectiveness rates, dry heat application should be considered a first-line non-pharmacological intervention for postpartum pain management.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: mini-pap smear
  topic: keywords
subject: hush puppy rule
  topic: keywords
subject: dry heat therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: moist heat therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: maternal
  topic: keywords
creator: Maham Khalid
creator: Sumaira Sharif
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 9

EVALUATING THE PROFICIENCY OF NURSES IN MANAGING THALASSEMIA: A CASE OF TERTIARY CARE CENTRE
type: item
description: Background: Thalassemia is a common autosomal recessive blood disorder caused by defective synthesis of hemoglobin chains, leading to chronic anemia. It remains one of the most prevalent genetic conditions worldwide, necessitating skilled nursing care to improve patient outcomes. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and practices of nurses regarding the care of thalassemia major patients at a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using purposive sampling. Data were collected from nurses directly involved in the management of thalassemia patients. Results: Among participants, 39.3% demonstrated good knowledge, 35.7% had moderate knowledge, and 25.0% exhibited poor knowledge. Regarding practices, 60.2% of nurses reported good practices, while 39.8% demonstrated poor practices. Conclusion: The study revealed that most nurses possessed adequate knowledge and appropriate practices concerning the care of thalassemia major patients. Nonetheless, identified gaps underscore the importance of ongoing training and professional development programs to enhance nursing competence and ensure optimal patient care.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Thalassemia major
  topic: keywords
subject: Knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: and Practice
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Farman
creator: Huma Abbas
creator: Alishba Anjum
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 41
ending page: 45

EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COGNITIVE REHABILITATION ON COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE
type: item
description: This study examined the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation exercises in improving general cognitive functioning among stroke patients. A quasi-experimental design was employed with a sample of 40 stroke patients recruited from government and private hospitals in Lahore. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=20) and a control group (n=20). Cognitive functioning was assessed using the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) at both pre- and post-intervention stages. The experimental group received targeted cognitive rehabilitation exercises aimed at enhancing cognitive abilities, while the control group received no such intervention. Paired sample t-test analysis revealed significant improvements in cognitive functioning within the experimental group, whereas no notable change was observed in the control group. These findings highlight the potential of culturally relevant, evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation approaches in supporting stroke recovery, with implications for clinical practice, caregivers, and rehabilitation programs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cognitive Rehabilitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Cognitive Functions
  topic: keywords
subject: Stroke
  topic: keywords
creator: Neha
creator: Ureeda
creator: Maryam Jabeen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 29
ending page: 40

TANTALUM CHEMISTRY IN MEDICINE: ATOMIC-SCALE APPROACHES TO CORROSION RESISTANCE AND BIOCOMPATIBILITY
type: item
description: Tantalum is recently been considered as a highly promising candidate for biomaterials in medical implants, useful for its high corrosion resistance, favorable biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties. The atomic scale mechanisms for corrosion resistance in tantalum and for biocompatibility have been studied through a combination of electrochemical, in vitro, and clinical evaluations in the field. Tantalum is a metal that has been electrochemically investigated as far superior to titanium or stainless steel in resistance to corrosion by forming a passive surface film of stable tantalum oxide (Ta₂O₅). In vitro assays with MG63 osteoblast-like cells and endothelial cells showed that the tantalum surface significantly increased cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. Tantalum reduced biofilm formation by the pathogenic agent Staphylococcus aureus, indicating its potential to lessen an infected implant. Clinical evaluations in hospitals further validated the administrative performance of tantalum, which confirmed successful osseointegration and had very minimal inflammatory response in patients with tantalum orthopedic and dental implants. This research has also highlighted problems such as the escalating cost of tantalum and the requirement of further optimization of porous configuration for improvement in mechanical properties. Nevertheless, because of the very excellent biological and chemical properties of tantalum, it will be a promising biomaterial for the next generation of medical implants. The future research should focus on improving its clinical applications and application potential into drug delivery and regenerative medicine.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Stress
  topic: keywords
subject: Work-Life Balance
  topic: keywords
subject: Emotional Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Ambulance personnel
  topic: keywords
subject: Paramedics
  topic: keywords
creator: Abeha
creator: Rahul
creator: Santosh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 19
ending page: 28

GENERAL ANESTHESIA VERSUS COMBINED SPINAL-EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA IN GYNECOLOGIC LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERIES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
type: item
description: Background: The choice of anesthesia in laparoscopic gynecological surgeries plays a critical role in patient outcomes, including intraoperative stability, postoperative recovery, pain control, and overall satisfaction. General anesthesia (GA) and combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) are two commonly employed techniques, each with distinct advantages and limitations. However, limited evidence exists regarding their comparative efficacy and safety in gynecological laparoscopic procedures. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of GA and CSEA in laparoscopic gynecological surgeries with respect to hemodynamic stability, postoperative pain, recovery time, and perioperative complications. Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 120 patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Participants were randomly assigned to two equal groups: GA (n=60) and CSEA (n=60). Parameters assessed included intraoperative hemodynamic stability (heart rate, blood pressure), postoperative pain (measured by visual analog scale), recovery time (time to ambulation and discharge), and complications (nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression). Results: Patients in the CSEA group demonstrated superior hemodynamic stability, lower postoperative pain scores, and faster recovery times compared to those in the GA group. Complications such as nausea, vomiting, and respiratory depression were less frequent in the CSEA group. Conclusion: CSEA appears to be a safe and effective alternative to GA in laparoscopic gynecological surgeries, particularly for patients with comorbidities or at higher risk of hemodynamic instability. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to confirm these findings and explore long-term outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Laparoscopic gynecological surgery
  topic: keywords
subject: general anesthesia
  topic: keywords
subject: combined spinal-epidural anesthesia
  topic: keywords
subject: hemodynamic stability
  topic: keywords
subject: postoperative pain
  topic: keywords
subject: recovery time
  topic: keywords
subject: anesthesia complications
  topic: keywords
subject: randomized controlled trial
  topic: keywords
creator: Kamila Mariam Iftikhar
creator: Kiran Noor Uddin
creator: Dr. Intizar Hussain
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 10
ending page: 18

COMPARATIVE OUTCOMES OF VENTRICULOPERITONEAL SHUNT AND ENDOSCOPIC THIRD VENTRICULOSTOMY IN OBSTRUCTIVE HYDROCEPHALUS ASSOCIATED WITH POSTERIOR FOSSA TUMORS
type: item
description: Background: Obstructive hydrocephalus is common in children with posterior fossa tumors (70–90%) but less frequent in adults (10–21%). Ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS) is effective but carries lifelong risks, while endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) offers a hardware-free alternative. This study compared outcomes of ETV and VPS in such patients. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial at Mayo Hospital, Lahore, 168 patients with tumor-related hydrocephalus were assigned to ETV (n=84) or VPS (n=84) prior to tumor surgery. Primary outcome was treatment success, defined as no additional CSF diversion within 12 months. Secondary outcomes included complications, reoperations, hospital stay, and Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) scores. Results: Baseline demographics and tumor characteristics were similar between groups. At 12 months, treatment success was achieved in 80% of ETV patients versus 75% with VPS (p=0.42). Hospital stay was shorter in the ETV group (4.2±1.5 days) compared to VPS (6.8±2.0 days; p<0.001). Complication rates were lower with ETV (8% vs. 18%, p=0.11). No shunt-related infections occurred in the ETV group, while VPS patients experienced 4 CSF infections and 6 shunt failures requiring revision. No mortality was observed. KPS scores improved equally in both groups (+18 points; p=0.33). Conclusion: Both ETV and VPS are effective for managing obstructive hydrocephalus in posterior fossa tumors. However, ETV offers advantages of shorter hospitalization and fewer complications, making it a favorable alternative to shunting in suitable candidates.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Obstructive hydrocephalus
  topic: keywords
subject: posterior fossa tumors
  topic: keywords
subject: ventriculoperitoneal shunt
  topic: keywords
subject: endoscopic third ventriculostomy
  topic: keywords
subject: , cerebrospinal fluid diversion
  topic: keywords
subject: neurosurgical outcomes
  topic: keywords
subject: complication rates
  topic: keywords
creator: Ameen Ullah
creator: Abdullah Muslim
creator: Amna khalid
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 9

KNOWLEDGE, PRACTICES, AND CHALLENGES OF NURSES IN EARLY DETECTION AND PREVENTION OF DIABETIC FOOT ULCER COMPLICATIONS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
type: item
description: Diabetic foot complications are among the most serious outcomes of diabetes mellitus, often leading to infections, amputations, and life-threatening conditions. Early detection and prevention largely depend on the knowledge, practices, and interventions of nurses. This study aimed to assess the awareness, practices, and challenges faced by nurses in the early identification, prevention, and management of diabetic foot complications. Data were collected using structured questionnaires administered to nurses working in diabetic clinics, general wards, and wound care units. The findings revealed that while Kenyan nurses demonstrated a basic understanding of diabetic foot care, significant barriers—including limited education, time constraints, and inadequate resources—hinder the implementation of effective preventive measures. The study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive training programs, enhanced educational resources, and stronger institutional and policy support to improve nurses’ capacity in diabetic foot management. Strengthening these areas is essential to reducing severe complications, minimizing amputations, and improving patient outcomes in diabetic care.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Diabetic foot care
  topic: keywords
subject: nursing practice
  topic: keywords
subject: early detection
  topic: keywords
subject: prevention
  topic: keywords
subject: diabetes-related complications
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare challenges
  topic: keywords
subject: knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: clinical performance
  topic: keywords
subject: barriers
  topic: keywords
subject: wound management
  topic: keywords
creator: Syed Yousaf Ali Shah
creator: Muhammad Abdullah Saleem
creator: Muhammad Hamza
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 40
ending page: 55

INFLUENCE OF UTERINE FIBROIDS ON MATERNAL AND FETAL OUTCOMES AT DIR LOWER
type: item
description: Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors in women of reproductive age and can significantly complicate pregnancy and delivery outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics, anatomical distribution, delivery patterns, and maternal complications associated with fibroids during pregnancy. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 112 pregnant women diagnosed with uterine fibroids. Data were collected on fibroid type, location, number, gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, cesarean section indications, and maternal complications. Subserous fibroids were the most frequent (65.18%), followed by submucous (25.89%) and intramural types (8.93%). The uterine fundus was the most common site of localization (77.68%). More than half of the patients (50.89%) presented with two to three fibroids. Most women delivered at term (37–40 weeks, 75.89%), with cesarean section being the predominant mode of delivery (62.50%). The leading indication for cesarean was premature rupture of membranes (PROM) with a poor Bishop score (21.43%). The most common maternal complications included threatened preterm labor (22.32%), blood transfusion requirement (19.64%), and threatened miscarriage (17.86%). Findings indicate that uterine fibroids substantially affect pregnancy outcomes, increasing the risk of cesarean delivery and maternal morbidity. Early diagnosis, close monitoring, and individualized antenatal care are critical to optimizing maternal and fetal health in affected women.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Uterine fibroids
  topic: keywords
subject: pregnancy outcomes
  topic: keywords
subject: cesarean section
  topic: keywords
subject: maternal complications
  topic: keywords
subject: fibroid types
  topic: keywords
subject: delivery mode
  topic: keywords
creator: Ms. Muqaddas Khalil
creator: Ms. Sundas Khattak
creator: Ms. Rahma Sohail
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 29
ending page: 39

CLIMATE RESILIENCE IN ANIMALS: EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS
type: item
description: Climate change poses critical threats to biodiversity, demanding rapid adaptive responses beyond the pace of traditional evolutionary processes. Epigenetics—heritable modifications in gene expression without changes to DNA sequence—has emerged as a key mechanism enabling short-term phenotypic plasticity and resilience. This review synthesizes evidence on epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA regulation, that facilitate animal responses to climate stressors such as temperature extremes, habitat loss, and ocean acidification. Case studies highlight heat-tolerant lizards exhibiting methylation-driven heat-shock protein expression and marine fish showing transgenerational inheritance of salinity-resilient traits. These findings underscore the role of epigenetics in bridging immediate environmental stress and long-term adaptation. The conservation relevance of epigenetic plasticity is also explored. Epigenetic diversity may act as an underrecognized reservoir of adaptive potential, particularly in small or isolated populations. However, uncertainties remain regarding the stability of epigenetic changes across generations, their interaction with genetic variation, and the ecological implications of epigenetic drift. Advances such as CRISPR-based epigenome editing and high-resolution sequencing offer new opportunities to clarify these dynamics. Integrating epigenetics into conservation strategies will require interdisciplinary collaboration and careful consideration of ethical challenges. Prioritizing long-term studies and comparative approaches can help unlock the potential of epigenetics to enhance biodiversity resilience in the face of rapid climate change.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Epigenetics
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate change adaptation
  topic: keywords
subject: Phenotypic plasticity
  topic: keywords
subject: DNA methylation
  topic: keywords
subject: Conservation biology
  topic: keywords
subject: Animal resilience
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental stressors
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Waseem
creator: Muhammad Shahbaz Khan Afridi
creator: Dr. Naseem
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 19
ending page: 28

ADDRESSING MONKEYPOX WORLDWIDE: PREVENTION, VACCINATION, AND CHALLENGES TO CONTROL
type: item
description: Monkeypox, a zoonotic viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), was historically confined to Central and West Africa but has now emerged as a significant global public health concern. Transmission occurs through direct contact with bodily fluids, lesions, or respiratory droplets, as well as via animal-to-human exposure. Individuals with weakened immune systems are at higher risk of severe disease. The 2022 international outbreak, driven by global travel, human–animal interactions, and waning smallpox immunity, marked the virus’s spread beyond endemic regions and posed particular challenges for healthcare systems and professionals. Preventive measures such as personal hygiene, patient isolation, and the use of protective equipment remain critical. In clinical management, antivirals such as Tecovirimat and smallpox-based vaccines (JYNNEOS and ACAM2000) are valuable tools. Public health strategies—including contact tracing, quarantine, and early diagnosis—are essential for containment. However, prevention and control efforts are hindered by barriers such as limited healthcare infrastructure, misinformation, stigma, and resource constraints. Addressing these challenges requires strengthened surveillance systems, targeted vaccination strategies, and coordinated international collaboration. Enhancing these measures will be vital to mitigating the global impact of monkeypox outbreaks.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Monkeypox
  topic: keywords
subject: Zoonotically
  topic: keywords
subject: Vaccination
  topic: keywords
subject: Containment
  topic: keywords
subject: Protective gears
  topic: keywords
subject: Immunization Isolation
  topic: keywords
subject: Quarantine
  topic: keywords
creator: Haris Munir
creator: Fazeelat Kousar
creator: Beerah Mahreen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 9
ending page: 18

PREVALENCE AND CAUSES OF SHOULDER PAIN IN PATIENTS ATTENDING PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION OUTPATIENT CLINICS
type: item
description: Background: Shoulder pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints encountered in physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) outpatient clinics. It significantly affects patients’ daily functioning and quality of life, making accurate diagnosis and appropriate management essential. Aim: This study aimed to identify the most frequent causes of shoulder pain among patients presenting to PM&R outpatient clinics and to support improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Methods: A quantitative comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 320 patients. The sample size was determined using the WHO calculator at a 95% confidence interval, 2.3% absolute precision, and an estimated prevalence of shoulder osteoarthritis of 4.6%. Data collection included patient interviews, physical examinations, and imaging modalities (X-ray, MRI, and ultrasound). Statistical analysis comprised descriptive statistics, ANOVA, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression, with results presented through tables, bar charts, pie charts, and scatter plots. Results: The most common etiologies of shoulder pain were rotator cuff tendinitis (30%), adhesive capsulitis (20%), osteoarthritis (15%), bursitis (10%), and cervical radiculopathy (5%). Additional causes included labral tears (7.5%), fractures (5%), and referred pain (10%). Demographic factors such as age, gender, and occupation were found to be significantly associated with specific pathologies. Conclusion: Rotator cuff tendinitis and adhesive capsulitis were identified as the leading causes of shoulder pain in PM&R outpatients. Early recognition of these conditions and other less common etiologies is crucial for timely and targeted management, ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing the overall burden of shoulder-related disability.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Adhesive Capsulitis
  topic: keywords
subject: Bursitis
  topic: keywords
subject: Cervical Radiculopathy
  topic: keywords
subject: Labral Tears
  topic: keywords
subject: Musculoskeletal Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Osteoarthritis
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Referred Pain
  topic: keywords
subject: Rotator Cuff Tendinitis
  topic: keywords
subject: Shoulder Pain
  topic: keywords
creator: Razia Faqir
creator: Zunaira Amir
creator: Sayeda Sidra
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 8

A CASE OF BREECH PRESENTATION IN A PRIMIGRAVIDA WITH BICORNUATE UTERUS AND PLACENTA ACCRETA
type: item
description: A 20-year-old primigravida at 38 weeks of gestation presented in active labor with breech presentation. Clinical assessment suggested a bicornuate uterus with a noncommunicating rudimentary horn. An emergency cesarean section was undertaken, resulting in the delivery of a breech neonate. Intraoperatively, placenta accreta was identified with partial adherence to the uterine wall, complicating placental separation. The majority of placental tissue was manually removed, though a portion remained adherent. Importantly, no active postpartum hemorrhage was observed. Hemostasis was achieved, and the surgical site was secured. Postoperatively, the patient was closely monitored, and ultrasonography was utilized to evaluate retained products of conception. Scheduled follow-up visits were arranged to ensure early detection and management of potential complications.This case highlights the critical importance of early antenatal recognition of müllerian anomalies and placental pathology. A bicornuate uterus with a rudimentary horn significantly increases obstetric risks, including uterine rupture and abnormal placentation. The coexistence of placenta accreta further exacerbates peripartum morbidity, demanding meticulous surgical management and heightened intraoperative vigilance. Timely operative intervention, precise intraoperative evaluation, and rigorous postoperative surveillance are imperative to optimize outcomes. Early and accurate diagnosis remains essential for reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity in such high-risk pregnancies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bicornuate Uterus
  topic: keywords
subject: Timeragra Teaching Hospital. Dir L
  topic: keywords
creator: Iqra Sajid
creator: Misbah
creator: Anees Ur Rahman
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 BioFrontiers Journal
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 33
ending page: 39

ASSESSMENT OF NURSES’ KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES REGARDING ELDERLY PATIENT CARE
type: item
description: Background: Globally, there are approximately 605 million adults aged 60 years and above, and this number is projected to rise to two billion by 2050, with 80% residing in developing countries. Elderly individuals often require long-term psychosocial support, nursing care, and hospitalization due to diverse health challenges. Aim: The study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of nurses toward caring for elderly patients. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected from nurses meeting the inclusion criteria. Results: Findings revealed that 68 nurses (47.9%) demonstrated low levels of knowledge, while 90 nurses (63.4%) exhibited a positive attitude toward elderly care. Conclusion: The study concluded that while many nurses demonstrated a positive attitude toward caring for elderly patients, their knowledge remained moderate, highlighting the need for targeted training and continuous professional education to enhance geriatric care.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Elderly Care
  topic: keywords
subject: Geriatric Nursing
  topic: keywords
subject: Nurses’ Knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: Nurses’ Attitude
  topic: keywords
subject: Aging Population
  topic: keywords
subject: Long-Term Care
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychosocial Support
  topic: keywords
subject: Geriatric Health
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Sadiq
creator: Arshad Zahoor
creator: Muhammad Shahid
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 BioFrontiers Journal
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 28
ending page: 32

EVALUATION OF NURSES’ KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES IN MANAGING THALASSEMIA MAJOR PATIENTS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
type: item
description: Background: Thalassemia is a common autosomal recessive blood disorder caused by defective synthesis of hemoglobin chains, leading to chronic anemia. It remains one of the most prevalent genetic conditions worldwide, necessitating skilled nursing care to improve patient outcomes. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and practices of nurses regarding the care of thalassemia major patients at a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using purposive sampling. Data were collected from nurses directly involved in the management of thalassemia patients. Results: Among participants, 39.3% demonstrated good knowledge, 35.7% had moderate knowledge, and 25.0% exhibited poor knowledge. Regarding practices, 60.2% of nurses reported good practices, while 39.8% demonstrated poor practices. Conclusion: The study revealed that most nurses possessed adequate knowledge and appropriate practices concerning the care of thalassemia major patients. Nonetheless, identified gaps underscore the importance of ongoing training and professional development programs to enhance nursing competence and ensure optimal patient care.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Thalassemia major
  topic: keywords
subject: Knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: and Practice
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Farman
creator: Huma Abbas
creator: Alishba Anjum
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 BioFrontiers Journal
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 23
ending page: 27

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES REGARDING POSTURAL AWARENESS IN UNDERGRADUATE PHYSICAL THERAPY STUDENTS AT KHYBER MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, PESHAWAR
type: item
description: Postural awareness plays a vital role in preventing musculoskeletal disorders and maintaining overall health and well-being. Despite its significance, postural distortions such as forward head posture, increased lordosis, round shoulders, and kyphosis are commonly observed among students due to poor ergonomics and lifestyle habits. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices regarding postural awareness among undergraduate physical therapy students at Khyber Medical University, Peshawar. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2018 to January 2019, involving 415 students selected through non-probability convenience sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Results showed that 290 (69.88%) students demonstrated correct knowledge of postural awareness, whereas 125 (30.12%) had insufficient knowledge. Regarding practices, 243 (58.55%) students reported correct practices, while 172 (41.45%) exhibited poor practices. Gender-based differences revealed that male students had lower rates of correct practices (41.2%) compared to females (58.8%). The findings highlight that although a majority of students possess adequate knowledge, a significant proportion still lack proper practices, placing them at risk of musculoskeletal issues. These results emphasize the need for targeted educational strategies and preventive interventions to improve postural awareness and promote healthy practices among future physical therapy professionals.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Postural Awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: Knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: Practices
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical Therapy Students
  topic: keywords
subject: Musculoskeletal Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Ergonomics
  topic: keywords
subject: Khyber Medical University
  topic: keywords
creator: Samrah Nadeem
creator: Laiba Batool
creator: Ajwa
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 BioFrontiers Journal
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 14
ending page: 22

EMERGING NANOTECHNOLOGY STRATEGIES FOR TARGETED ANTIPARASITIC DRUG DELIVERY: A REVIEW
type: item
description: Parasitic infections remain a major global health challenge, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Conventional antiparasitic therapies are often limited by poor bioavailability, emerging drug resistance, and non-specific toxicity. Nanotechnology offers promising strategies to overcome these limitations by enhancing drug stability, enabling site-specific delivery, and minimizing adverse effects. This review highlights recent advances in nanotechnology-driven delivery platforms—including nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, and polymeric carriers—for the treatment of protozoan and helminthic infections. Furthermore, it explores current challenges, safety considerations, and future directions for integrating nanomedicine into antiparasitic drug development, underscoring its potential to transform therapeutic outcomes in parasitology.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nanotechnology
  topic: keywords
subject: antiparasitic diseases
  topic: keywords
subject: bioavailability
  topic: keywords
subject: Nanoscience
  topic: keywords
subject: Targeted drug delivery
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr Zeeshan
creator: Dr Muhammad Awais
creator: Dr Azra A ghani
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 BioFrontiers Journal
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 13